What are the exterior differences between a SD38 and SD38-2?
Assuming that the person who sketched them was accurate, there are differences in the trucks, the door spacing at the cab end is different, and there is a different panel/door treatment at the long hood end.
See http://www.thedieselshop.us/Data%20EMD%20SD38.HTML and http://www.thedieselshop.us/Data%20EMD%20SD38-2.HTML
However, things differ between railroads, and also as units were shopped. If you have a particular prototype in mind, best thing would be to do a web search and see if you can come up with actual photos.
The SD38 & SD38-2 are two similar, but dfferent engines. The SD38-2 was the follow-on to the SD38. Different trucks, length, radiator fan spacing, sight glass, & cab for starters. They have the same basic ‘shape’ from first glance, but side by side you can see the differences.
Jim