Does Subsidiezed transit violate free trade agreements?

Trains Magazine General Discussion
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PUBLIC SERVICES AND THE SCOPE
OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES
(GATS)
A RESEARCH PAPER
WRITTEN FOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (CIEL)
BY MARKUS KRAJEWSKI 1
1 Visiting Attorney, Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), Europe, Dr. jur. (University of Hamburg). I
would like to thank Elisabeth Türk and Matthew Stilwell (CIEL, Europe) for helpful discussions and valuable comments
on earlier drafts. The views expressed in this paper are personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of CIEL.
Comments are greatly appreciated: Markus.Krajewski@hamburg.de
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Table of Contents
I. Introduction … 3
II. Background … 4

  1. What are „public services“? … 4
  2. Why does the scope of GATS matter? … 5
    Box 1 – Examples of Possible Public Services Challenges … 5
    III. Provisions Determining the Substantive Scope of GATS… 6
    IV. The use of Article I:3 (b)(c) GATS in WTO documents and discussions… 6
  3. Secretariat background notes and papers … 7
  4. Discussions among WTO members … 8
    V. Interpretation according to generally accepted methods of public international law … 9
  5. Standards of treaty interpretation …
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Wow that is a long post. You must really be a fast typer. How did you learn to type so fast?

keep asking keep learning

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Here is something that may help answer your questions:

THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION

(See Note 1)

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establi***his Constitution for the United States of America.
Article. I.
Section 1.

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Section. 2.

Clause 1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

Clause 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Clause 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. (See Note 2) The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled

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You guys are sock puppets, right?

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Here is something else that gets right to the heart of the matter:

President-elect Ronald Reagan:

Senator Hatfield, Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Bush, Vice President Mondale, Senator Baker, Speaker O’Neill, Reverend Moomaw, and my fellow citizens: To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion; and yet, in the history of our Nation, it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this every-4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.
Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition. By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.

The business of our nation goes forward. These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed- income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.
Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery and personal indignity. Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.
But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending. For decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children’s futur

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This is why it is important to keep mass transit propery funded, even if it means subsidizes:

USA PATRIOT Act
1.
Section 215 of the Act amended 50 U.S.C. § 1861 to allow the FBI Director or his
designee (who must hold the rank of Assistant Special Agent in Charge or higher) to
apply for an order from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for “the
production of tangible things (including books, records, papers, documents, and
other items) for an investigation to protect against international terrorism or
clandestine intelligence activities . . . .” Such an investigation may only be
conducted under guidelines approved by the Attorney General under Executive
Order 12333 (or a successor order ). 50 U.S.C. § 1861(a)(2)(A).
A.
What guidelines has the Attorney General approved under Executive Order
12333 or a successor order for the conduct of such investigations?
Answer: These investigations are conducted under the Attorney General
Guidelines for FBI Foreign Intelligence Collection and Foreign
Counterintelligence Investigations, which were approved pursuant to Executive
Order 12333.
B.
Before such an order can be sought, do the guidelines require that the FBI
have already established probable cause that a person under investigation is
an agent of a foreign power? What is the Department’s definition of
“probable cause” and how has it changed since September 11, 2001?
Answer: The Department does not have the authority to define “probable cause”;
it is a statutory and constitutional term. Except where a statute has been amended,
the term has not changed meaning since September 11, 2001.
Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Act) added the current version of 50
U.S.C. § 1861 to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). In order to
obtain business records, section 1861(b)(2) requires the Department to
demonstrate to the Foreign Intel

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Page 37
-35-
iv.
Have any challenges to certifications under section 236A(a)(3) of the
INA been brought in habeas corpus proceedings in accordance with
section 236A(b)? If so, please identify the case(s) and the status of
each proceeding.
v.
Has the Attorney General released any aliens detained under section
236A because the alien was not charged with a criminal offense or
placed into removal proceedings within seven days?
vi.
How many non-certified aliens have received relief from removal and
remain detained longer than 6 months since such relief was ordered?
Answer to i through vi: Prior to the transfer of INS to DHS, the Attorney
General did not use the authority provided by section 412 of the USA PATRIOT
Act for the mandatory detention of certified aliens. Numerous aliens who could
have been considered for section 236A certifications have been detained since
September 11, 2001 and the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Act. It has not
been necessary, however, to use the new certification procedure in these particular
cases because traditional administrative bond proceedings have been sufficient to
detain these individuals without bond. We believe that this authority should be
retained for use in appropriate situations.
22.
On September 20, 2001, the INS issued an interim rule amending the period of time
that an alien may be detained while the agency assesses whether to issue a Notice to
Appear (NTA), placing the alien in immigration proceedings. Prior to amendment,
the INS was required to issue an NTA within 24 hours of the alien’s arrest. As
amended, the INS has 48 hours after an alien is arrested to decide whether to issue
an NTA, “except in the event of an emergency or other extraordinary circumstance
in which case a determination will be made within an additional reasonable period
of time.”
A.
What is the authority

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This is why some groups are highly moderated.

It’s also why some animals eat their young.

Wayne

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Since it’s apparently craft day at the asylum…and the inmates are cutting and pasting, here’s some more reading for you two…

Dementia: Specific Therapies
The psychiatric care of patients with dementia involves a broad range of psychosocial treatments for the patient and his or her family, as already described. In addition, some patients may benefit from more specific psychosocial interventions. These more specific psychosocial treatments for dementia can be divided into four broad groups: behavior oriented, emotion oriented, cognition oriented, and stimulation oriented. See: http://www.medem.com/search/article_display.cfm?path=\\TANQUERAY\M_ContentItem&mstr=/M_ContentItem/ZZZMD1GXA7C.html&soc=APA&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH

Let’s Talk Facts About Schizophrenia
The term “schizophrenia” refers to one of the most debilitating and baffling mental illnesses known. Though it has a specific set of symptoms, this illness varies in its severity from individual to individual, and even within any one afflicted individual from one time period to another.
Schizophrenia generally can be controlled with treatment and, in more than 50 percent of individuals given access to continuous treatment and rehabilitation over many years, recovery is often possible. Though researchers and mental health professionals don’t know what causes the disorder, they have developed treatments that allow most persons with schizophrenia to work, live with their families and enjoy friends. But like those with diabetes, people with schizophrenia probably will be under medical care for the rest of their lives.
See: http://www.medem.com/search/article_display.cfm?path=\\TANQUERAY\M_ContentItem&mstr=/M_ContentItem/ZZZVLOCK97C.html&soc=APA&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH

Panic Disorder: References
References
The following coding system is used to indicate the nature of the supporting evidence in the summary recommendations and references
See: http://www.mede

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This is crazy. Are you feeling ok? Please provide only links in the future.

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What in the heck is this?

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Cut and paste has its place. This isn’t it. Links only in the future. This is a waste of forum space, and I haven’t even read it.

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As I mentioned, these two are sock puppets.

KMC7 and Terry_C, please seek help, or perhaps spend time at the Art Bell Web site.