Where can I find information (book, pamphlet, chart) on the period of construction, railroads that operated them, type of duty they performed, for both steam & diesel locomotives?
There were so many different locomotive manufacturers over the years that what you’re asking for has probably never been done.
If you can settle on a particular railroad, you can probably find a Historical Society dedicated specifically to it that might give a rundown on the different engines that it used.
Some former major locomotive manufacturers such as Baldwin or ALCO may also have historical societies that you can glean information from.
Try using Google searches.