My question : Is the US (AAR) system used outside of Canada, USA, Mexico in other countries? Is the EMD and GE export locos using this system or is it different in some nations? To muddle the question further maybe some nations use it on the GE and EMD export locos and maybe other systems for equipment built outside North America?
Realize that this could be a very broad question with many answers!!
"However, not all MU connections are standardized between manufacturers, thus limiting the types of locomotives that can be used together. In North America there is a high level of standardization using theAssociation of American Railroadssystem.[3] In theUnited Kingdomseveral different incompatible MU systems are in use (and some locomotive classes were never fitted for MU working), but more modern diesel locomotives used on British railways use the standard AAR system."
See also “Passenger Train Applications” there.
Beyond this, I have no first-hand knowledge, and gladly defer to anyone else who does.