It appears to be a kind of conduit for the detector circuitry, probably made by the “Parkway Co.”.
The opposite. What the note says is if the detectors ARE installed per S-241-K the middle hoses should be installed.
Drawing S-241-K shows 5 detector loops, with one in the middle of the track. When they are installed like that, per that diagram, then the guard hoses have to be installed all across the tie.
That implies that there is an alternate drawing that only has 4 detector loops, and when that plan is used, since it doesn’t have the loop in the center of the track, it doesn’t need the hoses in the middle of the track.
They still do that today, even with all the yard checks and automated hot box and dragging detectors.
If you listen to the radio scanner when two trains pass each other, or pass someone on the ground, you’ll head something like “Good on the {direction} side” as they give each other “rolling inspections” for shifted loads, loose strapping, visible running issues etc.