Chris, a number of others have covered the China made issue pretty well, I will address the “in stock” issue.
I feel your pain, I once ran a train department in a hobby shop and back in the day inventory was king - you cannot sell what you don’t have - or so it would seem.
A lot of factors have come together making it very hard for retailers or even manufacturers to keep big inventories.
Retailers once enjoyed larger markups, which allowed them to keep money tied up in inventory. Today, everybody wants a discount…
Manufacturers have provided us with increased detail, accuracy, and variety. This in combination with the simple fact about markups, makes it even harder for retailers, online or otherwise, to have big inventories.
So the manufacturers have cut the size of each production batch, and large percentages of each run are spoken for before they are even produced.
It is my understanding that Bowser and Intermountain still do their injecton molding here, and package kits here, but RTR items are assembled overseas.
EPA regulations on painting and indirect labor costs (taxes, health insurance, unemployment coverage) are the primary reasons RTR model trains are not made in the USA.
When Athearn first got back into RTR, they too did the injection molding here and shipped parts to China for assembly. They have since discontinued all USA manufacturing. There is a long standing rumor that Athearn kept much of their original tooling here in case things go south in China, allowing the Chinnese to duplicate the tooling to produce the exact same items. Not sure how true that is, but given how easy it is today to make some of this tooling, it is quite possible.
Fact is, the US economy will simply not allow workers to work at pay levels that would be market effective for these products. Now if we had a different type of tax structure, and did not demand 1/4 of the productivity of even low paid workers in tax payments, maybe more t